Objective To analyze the serum lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] particle and mass concentration in patients with essential hypertension, and to explore the clinical value in cardiovascular risk assessment of patients with essential hypertension. Methods 122 patients with essential hypertension were divided into high-risk group (n=96) and low-risk group (n=26) according to the Guidelines for prevention and treatment of hypertension in China. Serum Lp(a) particle concentration, mass concentration and other related biochemical parameters were measured respectively. Multiple Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the odd ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of serum Lp(a) particle numbers and mass concentration for cardiovascular risk stratification in patients with essential hypertension. Results The serum Lp(a) particle concentration [27.7(8.58~64.65) nmol/L] and mass concentration [148.00(54.00~338.50) mg/L] in hypertensive patients with high cardiovascular risk were significantly higher than those in low-risk [5.8(2.75~14.53) nmol/L~42.50(23.75-84.00) mg/L] (P<0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between serum Lp(a) particle concentration and mass concentration in patients with hypertension (r=0.979, P<0.001), and a significant negative correlation with HDL-C concentration (r=0.233, P<0.012&r=0.233, P<0.013). Multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that the increase of serum Lp(a) particle concentration (OR=1.105, 95%CI=1.017~1.199, P=0.018) and mass concentration (OR=1.016, 95%CI=1.003~1.30, P=0.016) was closely related to the increase of cardiovascular risk in patients with hypertension. Conclusion The particle concentration and mass concentration of serum Lp(a) in patients with essential hypertension with high cardiovascular risk were higher than those with low risk. Lp(a) particle concentration is expected to be a new auxiliary indicators of cardiovascular risk stratification system in patients with hypertension.